Factores de riesgo asociados con complicaciones que obligaron al retiro de catéteres venosos centrales de inserción periférica en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel / Risk factors associated with complications that required the removal of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in a tertiary pediatric hospital

Resumen: Introducción: En pediatría se reportan complicaciones del catéter central de inserción periférica (CCIP) del 30 al 40% de los casos, siendo los factores de riesgo más frecuentes la edad del paciente y la localización del CCIP. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características de los CCIP e identificar los factores relacionados con su retiro debido a complicaciones. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes de 2 meses a 18 años de edad. Se les dio seguimiento hasta el retiro del CCIP. Se registró la edad, sexo, medicamentos administrados, localización del CCIP, calibre, número de lúmenes, días que estuvo colocado y el motivo del retiro. Se realizó análisis univariado y multivariado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 225 pacientes. En 33.02%, el CCIP fue retirado por alguna complicación. En el análisis bivariado, la edad y la localización fueron los factores asociados con las complicaciones. Se realizó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox y se identificó que solamente el grosor del calibre se asoció con cualquier complicación (razón de tasas (RT): 0.5, intervalo de confianza (IC)95%: 0.35-0.99), y la edad (RT: 1.02, IC95%: 1-1.04) solamente con el retiro del CCIP por sospecha de flebitis. Conclusiones: El 33% de los pacientes presentaron retiro del CIPP por complicaciones; solamente el calibre del CIPP y la edad de los pacientes estuvieron relacionados con este evento.

Abstract: Background: In pediatrics, complications of the peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) are reported in 30% to 40% of cases, with the most frequent risk factors being the age of the patient and the location of PICC. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of PICCs and to identify factors related to their withdrawal due to complications. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Patients from 2 months to 18 years of age were included and followed-up until PICC was withdrawn. Age, sex, medications administered, PICC location, caliber, the number of lumens, days PICC was on the patient, and the reason for withdrawal was recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Two hundred and twenty-five patients were included. In 33.02%, PICC were withdrawn due to complications. In the bivariate analysis, age and location were factors associated with complications. A Cox proportional hazards model was performed. It was identified that only the caliber thickness (hazard ratio (HR): 0.5, confidence interval (CI)95%: 0.35-0.99) was associated with any complication, and age (HR: 1.02, CI95%: 1-1.04) only to the withdrawal of PICC due to suspected phlebitis. Conclusions: PICC withdrawal due to complications was performed in 33% of the patients. Risk factors related to complications were PICC caliber thickness and age.

[Risk factors associated with complications that required the removal of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in a tertiary pediatric hospital]. / Factores de riesgo asociados con complicaciones que obligaron al retiro de catéteres venosos centrales de inserción periférica en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel.

BACKGROUND: In pediatrics, complications of the peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) are reported in 30% to 40% of cases, with the most frequent risk factors being the age of the patient and the location of PICC. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of PICCs and to identify factors related to their withdrawal due to complications. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. Patients from 2 months to 18 years of age were included and followed-up until PICC was withdrawn. Age, sex, medications administered, PICC location, caliber, the number of lumens, days PICC was on the patient, and the reason for withdrawal was recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-five patients were included. In 33.02%, PICC were withdrawn due to complications. In the bivariate analysis, age and location were factors associated with complications. A Cox proportional hazards model was performed. It was identified that only the caliber thickness (hazard ratio (HR): 0.5, confidence interval (CI)95%: 0.35-0.99) was associated with any complication, and age (HR: 1.02, CI95%: 1-1.04) only to the withdrawal of PICC due to suspected phlebitis. CONCLUSIONS: PICC withdrawal due to complications was performed in 33% of the patients. Risk factors related to complications were PICC caliber thickness and age.